Mental Health and Disorders

Mental Health refers to the psychological and emotional condition of an individual. The word health include physical, mental and social health. The first and foremost important thing for a person is to be mentally healthy. A physically unhealthy person can be cured by medicine only but a mental patient needs medicine as well as consultation and takes time to recover and sometime it become very difficult to cure a mental patient. Everything whatever lose by people can be recovered by money but health is something that can be hardly recovered and for this only, our priority should be our health but the first priority should be given to mental health. We need to be physically, socially and mentally healthy to live a smooth and happy life. It is necessary to interact with family members, friends and neighbours as a human being is naturally a social animal. With the advancement of science and technology, people loosing practical interactions with one another which has a dangerous effect in our lives. We need to understand the basic needs of a human being as we belong to this category. Today, we are in this condition where we even don’t know the basic requirement of our mind and body. We became fond of luxury and fashion so much that we even don’t care about our health. Most of the people in this generation just run behind money but the same can never recover us if we totally loose ourselves. We need to run behind money which is the necessity of life but at the same time we need to give emphasis on our own requirements. If a person is mentally unhealthy then his/her body doesn’t work properly even the food ingested is digested unnaturally very fast and the small intestine doesn’t get enough time to absorb the digested food and the food is simply wasted. A physically unhealthy person may be socially healthy but a mentally unhealthy person can’t be socially healthy. Mental illness is characterised by the following symptoms:

ü Depression.

ü Insomnia (lack of sleep) or excessive sleeping.

ü Compulsive actions.

ü Feeling of hopelessness.

ü Serious thought of suicide.

ü Unreasonable phobias (Fears).

ü Partial or complete loss of memory.

ü Self-destructive behaviour like excessive ,gambling, drinking, drug abuse, over eating and extreme dieting.

ü Delusions (false beliefs) and hallucinations.

ü Vocational and social dysfunctioning on a day to day basis.

“HALLUCINATION IS A SUBJECTIVE DISORDER OF SENSORY PERCEPTION, IN WHICH ONE OF THE SENSE IS INVOLVED in THE ABSENcE OF EXTERNAL STIMULATIONS.”

The psychological disorders include psychosis and neurosis. Psychosis involves deeper mental disorientation due to a distorted sense of reality. Neurosis, on the other hand, is a maladaptive habit. Neurotic individual relates to the same ‘real world; as does the normal but cannot effectively act upon it. Important psychological disorders are as follows:

Ø ANXIETY DISORDERS: It is associated with unpleasant bodily symptoms, including palpitation, sweating, nausea, trembling, diarrhoea and muscular tension.

Ø OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDERs: These disorders cause total disability and affect a person’s waking hours. Affected person manifest overwhelming obsessions and compulsions. They are compelled to perform an action or an idea despite their own attempt to resist it (compulsion). The most common obsessions are violence, concern about infection by germs or dirt, and constant doubts (obsessions).

Ø ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER: It is a mental health problem among the children. It occurs more in boys than in girls. As a result of this disorder, the boys exhibit under achievement, behavioural problems and a tendency to be disliked by other children.

Ø MOOD DISORDERS: These are occasional bouts of high or low mood, i.e. elation and depression. Depression is a mood disorder characterised by sadness, hopelessness, low self-esteem, decline in interest, energy, concentration and changes in sleep and appetite.

Ø SCHIZOPHRENIA: It is characterised by distorted thoughts, laughing or crying at completely inappropriate time, often disturbed emotions with rapid shift from one extreme response to other and incoherent and bizarre behaviour lasting for a week or more. Schizophrenic person may also suffer from delusions, auditory hallucination and can find difficulty in handling even simple jobs.

Ø BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER (BPD): This disorder is an emotionally unstable personality disorder, which is characterised by impulsivity, unpredictable moods, outbursts of emotion, behavioural explosions, quarrelsome behaviour and conflicts with others. BPD can be diagnosed with specific patterns of behavioural, emotional and cognitive instability and dysregulations. These individuals are highly reactive, and generally experience episodic depression, anxiety and irritability. They also have problems with anger and anger expression. Relationships with other individuals are chaotic, intense, but nevertheless, hard to give up. Individuals with BPD often attempt to injure, multilate or kill themselves and have little sense of self, since they feel empty.

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