Disorders of male reproductive system

The growth, maintenance and function of the male reproductive organs are under the control of hormones GnRH, LH, FSH and androgens. The main male reproductive disorders are as follows:

·        BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY (BPH): This is the enlargement of the prostate gland. It often occurs in old age. It compresses the urethra, causing frequent night urination (nocturia) or difficult or painful urination. Untreated BPH may lead to kidney damage.

·        PROSTATE CANCER: Cancer of the prostate gland is an extremely common malignancy, accounting for 2 to 3% of male deaths. Malignant prostate cells are usually stimulated by testosterone, so treatment often involves removal of testes, thereby preventing production of the hormone.

·        IMPOTENCE: Impotence is the inability to achieve or hold an erection of penis long enough to complete sexual intercourse. Psychological factors are most often cited as causes, but neurological disorders, vascular disorders and syphilis can also cause impotence. Certain medicines (Viagra) are available to cure impotency.

·        STERILITY: In males, sterility is the inability sperm to fertilize an egg (ovum).

·        INGUINAL HERNIA: Tearing of inguinal tissue by any means may result in bulging out a loop of intestine into the scrotum. This condition is called inguinal hernia.

·        ADAM (ANDROGEN DEFICIENCY IN AGEING MALES): It is also called male menopause. It is due to reduced production of testosterone. It normally occurs in men above the age of 40.

·        CRYPTOCHIDISM: It is the failure of descent of testis into the scrotum. It is caused by the deficient secretion of testosterone by foetal testes. Retention of testes in the abdominal cavity results in sterility.

·        HYDROCOELE: It is a collection fluid, usually in the tunica vaginalis of the testis.

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