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Genetic counselling means advise given to the couples regarding genetic disorder so that they can know whether to have any more children if their first child is suffering from any genetic disorder. The genetic counsellor has a very good knowledge of human genetics and can predict the chances of genetic defects in a family.
If a child receives a dominant gene from one parent and its recessive from other parent (heterozygous condition), the recessive gene does not express itself. Recessive genes get expressed only when they are in the homozygous condition, that is, both the genes of a pair inherited from both parents are recessive. Most defective genes that cause genetic disorder are recessive.
Marriage between closed relations (termed consanguineous marriage) are discourages because of bring related, both parents may pass down defective genes which may be present in a family. When both the genes of a pair in the child are defective, the child is born with a genetic disorder. So, if a couple wishes to know the chances of their child getting a particular disorder present in their family, they have to consult with a genetic counsellor. The pattern of inheritance of a trait (feature) among humans is defined by the method of PEDIGREE ANALYSIS. Pedigree is a diagrammatic representation of relationships showing a particular trait in a family. The genetic counsellor prepares a pedigree chart and then advise accordingly.
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