PACEMAKER AND OUR HEART

During the pumping action of the heart, the atria and the ventricles contract rhythmically. The impulse of this wave of contraction begins every time from the SA node (sinus node) present in the right atrium. Thus, it can be said that SA node controls the heartbeat and hence, it is the natural pacemaker of the heart. Pacemaker, in fact, is the rhythmic centre which establishes a pace of activity in the heart. Sometimes, the component of the impulse conduction is disrupted, causing irregularity in the heart rhythm, like failure of receiving the atrial impulse by ventricle or completely independent contraction of the atria and the ventricles. This happens due to the failure of SA node to generate impulse.

The patients who suffer from the failure of SA node are provided with an artificial electronic device which regularly sends small amount of electrical charge and generate impulse to maintain the rhythmicity of the heart. This device is known as ARTIFICIAL PACEMAKER which is implanted subcutaneously in the upper thoracic region having a connection with the heart. In the patients having the symptoms of ventricular escape (strokes-Adams syndrome), in which the atrial impulse suddenly fails to be transmitted to the ventricle that may last for a few seconds to few hours even, the atrial pacemaker is connected to the right ventricle for controlling its rhythm. The artificial pacemaker consists of a pulse generator containing cell (solid state lithium cell) to produce electrical impulse, the lead in the form of wire, which transmits the impulse and an electrode which is connected to the portion of the heart where impulse is to be transmitted.

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