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TESTES in males and OVARIES in females secrete sex hormones at puberty. Sex hormones are necessary for the development of an individual. These are responsible for the development of sex organs and secondary sexual characters in an individual. Along with other endocrine glands, testes in male and ovaries in female play an important role in the overall development of an individual. The period of transition from childhood to adulthood is called ADOLESCENCE. This is the period when most of the development of individual take place. Secondary sexual characters are seen in an individual when he/she reaches puberty. Puberty is the beginning of sexually active like i.e. an individual becomes biologically mature for sexual reproduction.
Following are changes occur in individuals when they reach puberty:
PUBERTY IN A GIRL BRINGS ABOUT THE FOLLOWING CHANGES:
v Height increases.
v Hair in the armpits and pubic region develop.
v Hips become broad and the pelvic region becomes wide.
v Breasts develop and become large.
v The voice becomes high pitched.
v Ovaries enlarge and start releasing mature eggs and the menstruation cycle starts.
PUBERTY IN A BOY BRINGS ABOUT THE FOLLOWING CHANGES:
v Height increases.
v Beard and moustache appear on the face.
v The voice box becomes prominent in the neck region. The growing voice box can be seen as a protruding part of the throat called ADAM’s APPLE.
v The shoulders become broad and the body muscles develop at a faster rate.
v Hairs appear in the armpit, chest and pubic region.
v Sex organs i.e. testes and penis develop.
ADOLESCENCE is an important phase of human life. It is associated with intellectual and emotional changes like feelings of acceptance, one’s identity, interaction with opposite sex and mood swings. This is period of life in which a person is not able to take right decision due to the fluctuation of mood and feelings which happen because of the irregularity in the release of hormone from the endocrine glands. An adolescent consider his/her well wishers enemy because these are the people who object their unhealthy activities which may cause harm to their life and career but adolescents do not realise it. Adolescents need proper guide but they should be handled softly otherwise they may get hurt and take some hazardous decisions. Parents and teachers should play a role of friend cum guide to handle them properly. Many adolescents are get diverted from the right path only because of the lack of proper guidance. Proper guidance during adolescence is a vital part of life.
Primary sex hormones from different part of sexual organs and their functions are mentioned below:
v ESTROGEN: It is secreted by ovarian follicles in female. It stimulates development and maintenance of female sexual characteristics like enlargement of breast, high pitch female voice and female pattern of hair distribution at puberty. Together with gonadotropic hormones of the anterior pituitary gland, it also regulate the menstrual cycle.
v TESTOSTERONE: It is secreted by testes in males. It stimulates the descent of testes and male pattern of development before birth. It stimulates development and maintenance of penis and expression of secondary sexual characteristics like beards, moustache, low pitch voice and male pattern of body hair distribution and stimulate spermatogenesis.
Other female hormones have been discussed in earlier posts. Links are given below, so, you are welcome to read the posts to know more about them and their functions in females:
BJ-SCIENCE LESSONS: Menstrual cycle, menstruation and hygiene http://www.bjeduspot.com/2018/07/menstrual-cycle-menstruation-and-hygiene.html?spref=tw
BJ-SCIENCE LESSONS: PREGNANCY AND EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT
Other male hormones have been discussed in an earlier post. Link is given below, so, you are welcome to read the post to know more about them and their functions in males:
BJ-SCIENCE LESSONS: Male Reproductive System
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